According to the chapter, prejudice and discrimination emerge in multiethnic societies due to power differentials, economic gain, and competition for resources, as revealed by the power conflict theories such as economic gain, Marxian theory, the split labor market theory, as well as group position. According to the Economic Gain Theory, prejudice and discrimination arise when one group believes that the existence of another group endangers their ability to access resources or job opportunities leading to a scramble for scarce resources.